久久久精品视频免费在线,干逼啊啊啊视频操逼轻点,能免费看操屄视频的网站,按摩玩弄人妻 中文字幕

Lot No: 1617

Estimate(RMB): 1,000,000-1,200,000

明代釉里紅瓷器源于元代釉里紅瓷器,其制作工藝和青花瓷器一樣,所不同的在于用料,前者是以氧化銅著色,后者則以氧化鈷著色,它們都是在瓷胎上描繪花紋,然后施一層透明釉,在高溫還原焰中一次燒成。由于釉里紅瓷器制作困難,再者成品率低,因此其生產(chǎn)制造在中國的陶瓷手工業(yè)歷史中曾數(shù)度中止。正因?yàn)榇耍瑐魇赖挠岳锛t瓷器益顯珍貴。洪武釉里紅,相較明初各類瓷器,罕存于世。繼元朝粗放雄壯、蒼勁有力之制瓷風(fēng)格,明初,瓷器器形及紋飾則顯恭造之式,有制可循。釉里紅在元代已經(jīng)正式燒制,洪武年間的流行應(yīng)與開朝皇帝朱元璋的喜愛和需求有關(guān)。朱即為紅,又是漢族崇尚的尊貴喜慶之色。從語意上理解,把釉里紅作為朱家皇朝的專用器充滿了霸氣和尊貴,完全符合草根皇帝朱元璋的性格。但明洪武以后,釉里紅實(shí)難燒制,故用礬紅彩替燒,然而盛名之下,后世所企。因明初限制對(duì)外貿(mào)易,進(jìn)口鈷青料愈發(fā)難得,遂國產(chǎn)銅紅料作為其替代品得以更廣應(yīng)用,此亦為明初瓷器一特征。依劉新園言,洪武一朝,依先例,取其精華,加以更形,紅釉或釉里紅瓷器于本朝多有燒制,蔚成體系,見《景德鎮(zhèn)出土明初官窯瓷器》,鴻禧美術(shù)館,臺(tái)北,1996年,頁52。然銅料嬌火,正色之品存世甚罕。北京故宮博物院藏三例相若釉里紅碗,載于耿寶昌著,《故宮博物院藏古陶瓷資料選萃》,北京,2005年,卷1,圖版79-81,另外見一北京故宮例,屬清宮舊藏,著錄于《故宮博物院藏文物珍品全集·青花釉里紅(上)》,2000年,圖版222。北京中國國家博物館亦存一例,見《中國國家博物館館藏文物研究叢書·瓷器卷:明代》,上海,2007年,圖版8;另見上海博物館藏例,載于陸明華,《上海博物館藏品研究大系:明代官窯瓷器》,上海,2007年,圖版1-1。大英博物館館藏一例,著錄于 Jessica Harrison-Hall,《Ming Ceramics in the British Museum》,倫敦,2001年,頁91,圖1,以上可資比對(duì)。HONGWU PERIOD, MING DYNASTY AN UNDERGLAZED COPPER-RED BOWL WITH FLOWER PATTERNProvenance: Lot 8274, Beijing Poly auction, June 5, 2013Exhited: 'The 2nd Beijing·China International Art Fair', Beijing, China, October 21-25, 2010Diameter:21cmRMB: 1,000,000-1,200,000
Copyright statement

All contents published on the website of Xiling Yinshe Auction Co., Ltd. ("XYA"), including but not limited to, text reports, pictures, sound, videos, charts, logos, advertisements, trademarks, trade names, domain names, software, programs, layout designs, column directories and names, content classification standards, and any or all information provided to registered users, are protected by the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China, the Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China, the Patent Law of the People's Republic of China, and applicable international conventions related to copyright, trademark, patent, and/or other property rights laws, and owned by XYA and/or the related rights holders.

Except as expressly permitted by XYA, no person may modify, issue, broadcast, reprint, copy, reproduce, alter, distribute, perform, display, or use part or all of the contents or services on the XYA's website or mirror them on servers not belonging to XYA. Any such use without XYA's prior written authorization is strictly prohibited and constitutes an infringement of XYA's exclusive rights. XYA holds all rights to the software used on its website, including but not limited to the computer programs, layout designs, and other software components. The software is protected by the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China, the Computer Software Protection Regulations, and international copyright conventions. Any use of the software, including but not limited to copying, modifying, distributing, dumping, publishing, displaying, demonstrating, or reverse engineering, is strictly prohibited unless specifically authorized by XYA for sales, free downloads, or other purposes.

Special statement

Any person who uses the images and derivatives of the auction items displayed on the XYA's website for personal consumption purposes that are non-commercial, non-profit, and non-advertising, or for commercial, profit-making, and advertising purposes, shall obtain the written authorization of XYA and/or relevant rights holders in accordance with the Copyright Law and other relevant laws without infringement of the rights of XYA and/or relevant rights holders.


玉林市| 贺兰县| 前郭尔| 上高县| 岱山县| 密山市| 什邡市| 邵阳县| 邮箱| 许昌县| 黄骅市| 依安县| 隆回县| 祁阳县| 酒泉市| 彰武县| 章丘市| 盐源县| 邵阳县| 东港市| 湖州市| 海林市| 女性| 高陵县| 宣威市| 蒙山县| 齐齐哈尔市| 武川县| 昭平县| 千阳县| 尉氏县| 天津市| 临武县| 双城市| 浙江省| 洛川县| 巴彦淖尔市| 赫章县| 正安县| 涟源市| 徐汇区|